Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a type of contraception (birth control). These are small devices that go inside your uterus to stop you becoming pregnant. IUDs are also called long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs).
Types of IUDs
There are 2 types of IUD — the hormonal IUD and the copper IUD. Both types are effective, but they work in different ways and last for different periods of time.
The hormonal IUD
Hormonal IUDs are made of plastic and slowly release a progestogen hormone called levonorgestrel. The hormonal IUD stops pregnancy by:
- thickening the mucus at the entrance to the uterus so sperm can't get through
- making it harder for sperm to reach and fertilise an egg
- making it harder for an egg to survive
- thinning the lining of the uterus
- stopping ovulation (the release of eggs from the ovaries) in some people
There are 2 brands of hormonal IUDs in Australia: Mirena and Kyleena. Kyleena has a lower dose of hormone than Mirena. Hormonal IUDs work for up to 5 years.
The copper IUD
The copper IUD is made of copper and plastic. It doesn't release any hormones. The copper IUD works by:
- making it harder for sperm to reach and fertilise an egg
- making it harder for an egg to survive
- changing the lining of the uterus so that if an egg is fertilised, it can't implant
There are 2 brands of copper IUD on the market in Australia. They last for up to 10 years. The copper IUD can be used as a type of emergency contraception, provided it is put in within 5 days of unprotected sex.
Effectiveness and Insertion
The IUD is a very effective method of contraception. Less than 1 in 100 people using an IUD will become pregnant. However, a trained doctor or nurse needs to put the IUD in place.
Getting an IUD put in, is a bit like having a cervical screening test. You lie on your back, and an instrument called a speculum is put in your vagina. Local anaesthetic can reduce your discomfort or pain. After having a hormonal IUD put in, you may need to use another form of contraception for 7 days. Check with your doctor or nurse about this.
After the Procedure
For a couple of days after getting an IUD, you should avoid:
- using tampons or menstrual cups
- having sex
- having a bath
- swimming
You should check the IUD thread about once a month to make sure your IUD is still in place. You will be shown how to do this by your healthcare provider.